Characteristics of Modern World

Introduction The world is made up of several social systems which are integrated to incorporate economic and political systems. There are three categories of world-systems: World-empires and world-economies and socialistic systems. According to Wallerstein (1976) a modern world-system may be defined as a social system that is composed of limitations, organizations, groups of individuals, rules and regulations and has unity among different groups.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics of Modern World-Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The world-system has various forces which conflict with each other because each unit tends to seek its own benefits from the system. World-systems have organic characteristics in that they change in some aspects and maintain stability in others. Social systems are independent because they develop by themselves. However, you cannot delineate social systems from externa l forces even though these forces have little impact on the social systems (Wallerstein, p. 391). World-empires and world-economies Social systems are small and independent from other systems which demand external support. This definition disqualifies most systems which are said to be social systems such as tribes, communities and nations. These are large systems and have a large influence emanating from the external environment. Such systems have many cultures within themselves and division of labor is a common thing in these systems. There are two types of such world-systems which are classified as world-empires and world-economies. World-empires have only one political system which maintains the control of all social systems in a specific area. In world-economies there exists more than one political system which controls all the activities of a given area. In the past, world-economies were not stable and they were used as empires or were left to disintegrate by themselves. Howeve r, world-economies have been in existence for many years and they have never been converted into world-empires (Wallerstein, p. 391). Introduction of socialism The fact that world-economies have been in existence for many years and they have never been converted into world-empires has brought about the issue of capitalism. The existence of capitalism is based on the fact that world-economies are established on the basis of many political systems. Capitalism is not immune from state interference and instances of influence into the economic affairs by the state have been experienced in many capitalistic economies. However, in capitalistic system political control have minimal control and cannot entirely control the entire system. In a capitalism system economic loss is absorbed by the political systems while private individuals benefit from the economic gains. This means that political factors have minimal control in a capitalistic economic system (Wallerstein, p. 392). Therefore, cap italists have the freedom to maneuver the economic systems for their own benefits. This system distributes rewards to all people in the society unequally because a few individuals manage to tap the economic benefits. The process of making decisions is the best mechanism that can be used to alter the pattern in which rewards are distributed in an economic system.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This calls for the establishment of a socialistic world system. This system of world governance requires that economic resources be equally distributed to avoid disparities in the society (Wallerstein, p. 392). Nature of world-systems The level of technology determines the size of world-economies. Specifically, the level at which transport and communication has been developed in a country determines the size of world-economies. Thus, the extent of world-economies keeps on changing because technology is never constant. Division of labour is a major characteristic of world-economies and this may be functional and/or occupational. Thus, economic tasks are not equally distributed in such a system. The cause of unequal distribution of labor is caused by ecological factors or social arrangements at the workplace. As such some groups of individuals exploit the work of other groups in the society by obtaining greater amount of benefits from labour (Wallerstein, p. 392). World-empires tend to introduce culture into the occupational activities while world-economies tend to link political systems with culture. This situation is experienced because world-economies have political pressure from the state. The cultural homogeneity found in the two systems is used to satisfy the needs of major pressure groups which aim at establishing cultural and national identities. Integration of state machinery and culture helps reduce disparities that exist in a world-system (Wallerstein, p. 39 2). A world-economy is explained in terms of core-states as well as peripheral areas. The core-states are the advantaged regions in a world-economy while the peripheral areas are the disadvantaged regions. In a peripheral state have a colonial characteristic and small degree of autonomy. This is called a neo-colonial situation and is a major characteristic of peripheral states (Wallerstein, p. 392). Semi-peripheral areas also exist and these share the characteristics of core-states and the peripheral states. These areas are known to have been core-states previously but they change and state acquiring the characteristics of peripheral states. On the other hand, some peripheral areas may have been promoted to become core-states and have not yet fully attained such status and therefore can be classified as semi-peripheral (Wallerstein, p. 393). In a world-economy there is division of labour which is established to achieve greater levels of capitalization. The capital invested in a worl d-economy must be rewarded to ensure fair distribution of resources. The labour market is characterized by unequal distribution of human capital (labour) and this causes unstable supply and demand of labour.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics of Modern World-Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The forces of labour demand and supply require world-economies to search technologies which bridge the gap between the labour supply and labour demand. Some regions within a world-economy change their labour structures to accommodate the requirements being initiated by the labour market. However, different sections of a world-economy have different labor demands. As such, the peripheral and semi-peripheral areas of a world-economy will have different labour needs and demands (Wallerstein, p. 393). The ability of a particular area to maintain the status of a core-state is challenging because many modern wo rld-systems are dynamic and regions are changing very fast. Over a long period of time some states tend to be replaced by others, therefore a particular core-state cannot remain dominant for a long period of time. It is also argued that world-economies can only assume a capitalistic system and feudalism is not acceptable in this system. Socialist movement exists in a world-economy and they act as control measures to regulate the activities of the state. Without the regulatory measures in a world-economy the human resource would not be fairly distributed and human capital would be exploited for the gain of the capitalists (Wallerstein, p. 393). In a world-system there are social classes as well as status groups. The social classes are defined by geographical coverage of the people practicing certain cultures. In any world-system social classes exist by default but the conditions for the existence of these classes depend on the political and economic systems within the system. The exi stence of social classes creates conflicts among the various strata and social boundaries do exist to separate each social class. The class boundaries require privileges to be maintained within the world-system. The existence of social classes requires people to form alliances and this reduces the number of social classes in a world system. The social groups are defined by ethnicity, language or religion. To establish many social groups in a world system creates conflicts and several groups emerge to solve these conflicts. However, despite the fact that various social groups emerge these groups are later absorbed and the number reduces automatically. However, in some systems there may exist no social groups while in others there may exist more than two (Wallerstein, p. 394). Conflicts in a world system exist when there is more than one social class because conflicts involve two or more groups. Conflicts exist when one class of individuals identify itself as universal and when it ten ds to dominate other groups in the system.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The capitalistic class defines itself as a universal class and it tends to carry out its political pursuit to rule the other social classes. There is correlation between political activities and economic systems in a social group. Therefore, social classes tend to use the political and economic systems to rule others in a world system (Wallerstein, p. 394). The European world-economy is an example of a system that applied the one-class system. This existed in the sixteenth century and this led to economic expansion of the system. Dynamic forces existed in the economy and this created more profits to the state. The core-states of this world-economy were very sensitive to class differences. Political groups were defined according to their political roles in the state. There were different occupations for different groups of people for example; there were farmers, merchants, entrepreneurs as well as industrialists. Each group aimed at obtaining profits from the economic activities they were involved in. However, each group had distinct characteristics from each other. For example, some groups were profit oriented while others are not. Some groups which advocated for the traditional aristocracy fought to gain status privileges while small farmers groups accepted their status without fighting (Wallerstein, p. 394). The existence of different cultural practices caused many groups to collaborate and form alliances. The alliances were developed from political centers. France is an example of a country that had political system that was based on cultural set up of the people. As such the Catholicism cultural practices influenced the shape and direction of the politics of the country. The issues about class differences in the society started to gain momentum during the sixteenth century. As such, capitalist class were started and gained a lot of influence to the political arena. The existence of state made a lot of influence on the extent to which the political, capital istic and social groups were formed. It is the state which controlled all the activities in a world-economy. However, no state machinery is strong enough to control all the systems and the capitalistic class had no systems to protect it from the gains and losses that would emanate from the entire system. State machineries are strong in some areas and weak in others (Wallerstein, p. 395). Strong state machinery refers to the existence of strong political, social and economic structures in a state. The existence of political, social and economic groups in a state exerts enough pressure to the state and they influence the decisions made by state leaders. However, state managers as well as the bureaucracies put in place within a state control the interests of different groups that exist within it (Wallerstein, p. 395). For example, the tax system in a state helps collect revenues which are used to implement the bureaucracies which have been placed in an economy. However, State bureaucra cies have many limitations which hinder many processes but they cannot be removed because they are required for the safety of the state machinery (Wallerstein, p. 396). In a situation where the state machinery is weak, the state leaders and managers play an insignificant role of coordinating all the mechanisms in the economy. As such they have limited legitimate authority to control the activities of the economy. The existence of these types of leaders has been phased out in modern days because state leaders and managers must be vibrant and they should ensure that every aspect of the economy is operating well. In the modern world, states are governed by profit making ideologies where state managers control all resources to achieve maximum profits possible (Wallerstein, p. 397). Conclusion Modern world-systems are made up of world-empires and world-economies and socialistic systems. The existence of modern political, economic and social systems is founded from the traditional world-s ystems. There exist classes in a world system which defines various economic, political and social classes. the state leaders and managers have the obligation of uniting the various groups in the state to avoid conflicts among the groups. Work Cited Wallerstein, Immanuel Maurice. Capitalist agriculture and the origins of the European world-economy in the sixteenth century. Michigan, Academic Press, 2010. ISBN 0127859209, 9780127859200. This essay on Characteristics of Modern World-Systems was written and submitted by user Brantley Diaz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Biography of Victoria Woodhull, Womens Rights Activist

Biography of Victoria Woodhull, Women's Rights Activist Victoria Woodhull (born Victoria Claflin; September 23, 1838–June 9, 1927) was a womens rights activist, stockbroker, and newspaper editor. She ran for president of the United States in 1872. Woodhull was also involved in the spiritualist movement, and for a time she made her living as a healer. Fast Facts: Victoria Woodhull Known For:  Candidacy for U.S. President; radicalism as a womens suffrage activist; role in a sex scandal involving Henry Ward BeecherAlso Known As:  Victoria California Claflin, Victoria Woodhull Martin, Wicked Woodhull, Mrs. SatanBorn:  September 23, 1838 in Homer, OhioParents: Roxanna Claflin and Reuben Buck ClaflinDied:  June 9, 1927 in Bredon’s Norton,  Worcestershire, EnglandSpouse(s): Canning Woodhull, Colonel James Harvey Blood, John Biddulph MartinChildren: Byron Woodhull, Zulu (later Zula), Maude WoodhullNotable Quote: Of all the horrid brutalities of our age, I know of none so horrid as those that are sanctioned and defended by marriage. Early Life Victoria Claflin was born into the poor and eccentric family of Roxanna and Reuben Buck Claflin as the seventh of 10 children on September 23, 1838. Her mother often attended religious revivals and believed herself to be clairvoyant. The family traveled around selling patent medicines and telling fortunes, with the father styling himself Dr. R. B. Claflin, American King of Cancers. Victoria spent her childhood with this medicine show, often paired with her younger sister Tennessee in performing and telling fortunes. First Marriage Victoria met Canning Woodhull when she was 15 and they soon married. Canning also styled himself as a physician, at a time when licensing requirements were non-existent or loose. Canning Woodhull, like Victorias father, sold patent medicines. They had a son Byron, who was born with serious intellectual disabilities, which Victoria blamed on her husbands drinking. Victoria moved to San Francisco and worked as an actress and cigar girl. She later rejoined her husband in New York City, where the rest of the Claflin family was living, and Victoria and her sister Tennessee began practicing as mediums. In 1864, the Woodhulls and Tennessee moved to Cincinnati, then to Chicago, and then began traveling, keeping ahead of complaints and legal proceedings. Victoria and Canning later had a second child, a daughter Zulu (later known as Zula). Over time, Victoria grew less tolerant of her husbands drinking, womanizing, and occasional beatings. They divorced in 1864, with Victoria keeping her ex-husbands surname. Spiritualism and Free Love Likely during her troubled first marriage, Victoria Woodhull became an advocate of free love, the idea that a person has the right to stay with a person as long as they choose, and that they can choose another (monogamous) relationship when they want to move on. She met Colonel James Harvey Blood, also a spiritualist and an advocate of free love. They are said to have married in 1866, though there are no records of this marriage. Victoria Woodhull, Captain Blood, Victorias sister Tennessee, and their mother eventually moved to New York City. In New York City, Victoria established a popular salon where many of the citys intellectual elite gathered. There she became acquainted with Stephen Pearl Andrews, an advocate of free love, spiritualism, and womens rights. Congressman Benjamin F. Butler was another acquaintance and advocate of womens rights and free love. Through her salon, Victoria became increasingly interested in womens rights and suffrage. Womens Suffrage Movement In January 1871, the National Woman Suffrage Association met in Washington, D.C. On January 11, Victoria Woodhull arranged to testify before the House Judiciary Committee on the topic of womens suffrage, and the NWSA convention was postponed a day so that those attending could see Woodhull testifying. Her speech was written with Rep. Benjamin Butler of Massachusetts and made the case that women already had the right to vote based on the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. The NWSA leadership then invited Woodhull to address their gathering. The leadership of the NWSA- which included Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Isabella Beecher Hooker- was so taken with the speech that they began promoting Woodhull as an advocate and speaker for womens suffrage. Theodore Tilton was a supporter and officer of the NWSA and also a close friend of one of Woodhulls critics, Reverend Henry Ward Beecher. Elizabeth Cady Stanton told Victoria Woodhull confidentially that Tiltons wife Elizabeth had been involved in an affair with the Reverend Beecher. When Beecher refused to introduce Woodhull at a November 1871 lecture at Steinway Halls, she visited him privately and reportedly confronted him about his affair. Still, he refused to do the honors at her lecture. In her speech the next day, she referred indirectly to the affair as an example of sexual hypocrisy and double standards. Because of the scandal this caused, Woodhull lost a significant amount of business, though her lectures were still in demand. She and her family had trouble paying their bills,  however, and were eventually evicted from their home. Presidential Candidacy In May 1872, a breakaway group from the NWSA- the National Radical Reformers- nominated Woodhull as a candidate for U.S. president of the Equal Rights Party. They nominated Frederick Douglass, a newspaper editor, former slave, and abolitionist, as vice president. Theres no record that Douglass accepted the nomination. Susan B. Anthony opposed the nomination of Woodhull, while Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Isabella Beecher Hooker supported her run for the presidency. Beecher Scandal Woodhull continued to have significant financial problems, even suspending her journal for a few months. Perhaps responding to continued denunciations of her moral character, on November 2, just before Election Day, Woodhull revealed specifics of the Beecher/Tilton affair in a speech and published an account of the affair in the resumed Weekly. She also published a story about a stockbroker, Luther Challis, and his seduction of young women. Her target was not the morality of the sexual affairs, but the hypocrisy that permitted powerful men to be sexually free while women were denied such freedom. The reaction to the public revelation of the Beecher/Tilton affair was a great public outcry. Woodhull was arrested under the Comstock Law for distribution of obscene material through the mail and charged with libel. In the meantime, the presidential election was held, and Woodhull received no official votes. (Some scattered votes for her were likely not reported.) In 1877, after the scandal had subsided, Tennessee, Victoria, and their mother moved to England, where they lived comfortably. Life in England In England, Woodhull met wealthy banker John Biddulph Martin, who proposed to her. They did not marry until 1882, apparently because of his familys opposition to the match, and she worked to distance herself from her former radical ideas on sex and love. Woodhull used her new married name, Victoria Woodhull Martin, in her writings and public appearances after her marriage. Tennessee married Lord Francis Cook in 1885. Victoria published Stirpiculture, or the Scientific Propagation of the Human Race in 1888; with Tennessee, The Human Body, the Temple of God in 1890; and in 1892, Humanitarian Money: The Unsolved Riddle. Woodhull traveled to the United States occasionally and was nominated in 1892 as the presidential candidate of the Humanitarian Party. England remained her primary residence. In 1895, she returned to publishing with a new paper, The Humanitarian, which advocated eugenics. In this venture, she worked with her daughter Zulu Maude Woodhull. Woodhull also founded a school and an agricultural show and became involved in a number of humanitarian causes. John Martin died in March 1897, and Victoria did not remarry. Death In her later years, Woodhull became involved in the womens suffrage campaigns led by the Pankhursts. She died on June 9, 1927, in England. Legacy Though she was considered controversial in her time, Woodhull has come to be widely admired for her trailblazing efforts to secure rights for women. Two womens rights organizations- the Woodhull Insititute for Ethical Leadership and the Woodhull Sexual Freedom Alliance- were named in her honor, and in 2001 Woodhull was added to the National Womens Hall of Fame. Sources Gabriel, Mary.  Notorious Victoria: The Life of Victoria Woodhull, Uncensored. Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 1998.Goldsmith, Barbara.  Other Powers: The Age of Suffrage, Spiritualism, and the Scandalous Victoria Woodhull. Granta, 1998.Underhill, Lois Beachy.  The Woman Who Ran for President: The Many Lives of Victoria Woodhull. Penguin, 1996.

Critical review of paper+ powerpoint slides Literature

Critical of paper+ powerpoint slides - Literature review Example The research addressed factors that what would make someone a good pharmacist and shared work situations that would made them uncomfortable ,or where pharmacist have to make compromises with regards to laws and make hard choices through professional judgement and decision making skills. The aim is to analyse pharmacy values across the profession . The a sample technique was adopted. It included 38 participants including 18 community pharmacists, 10 hospitals and 10 others (containing primary care trusts, senior management positions and academia). The pharmacists were chosen from variety of geographical locations, different ages, gender, experiences, employment statuses and ethnicities. The participants were selected via a snowballing process. It begin with contacts of the project team and was taken forward through referrals both from participants and associated institutional gatekeepers. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The principles of grounded theory informed the analytical process. The analytical process involved the summarising , categorising and linking of significant collection of data (open coding) which was then merged into larger sets (axial codes). A process was run of constant comparision was used within and across interviews and both open and axial codes were revised frequently. The paper presented data analysis followed by a discussion of.steps that were taken to ensure the validity and reliability of the work. The first nine transcripts were read and analysed by all the authors. Emerging analysis was presented to the pharmacy audience and feedback was taken to rives. The data was corrected and refined according to analytical categories. To understand the values of pharmacy practitioners it is important for the data to come directly or indirectly from the pharmacists. The method used is a purposive sampling so that the

BusinessMGT Unit2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

BusinessMGT Unit2 - Assignment Example It is essential that effective technique should be selected based on an organization’s resources and needs. All business techniques of planning are effective, if they are implemented in a proper way and time. Organizations should build an organizational culture suitable for the planning technique before executing it. The organization has to opt for the planning technique that is flexible and most suitable for its business type. Planning and leadership is managed according to the goals of the organization. Objectives provide the organization with the direction of planning and actions. The main characteristic of objectives and goals is that they should be specific; they should indicate what the company wants to achieve. The objectives must be according to the mission statement. They should be realistic, achievable and motivating (Crow, 2006) Nestle is the world’s largest and leading food company with factories operating in almost all continents. Nestle is thoroughly dedic ated to food; it remains concerned about the quality of food and any problem related to nutrition. The main objective of Nestle is â€Å"to be recognized as the world’s leader in Nutrition, Health and wellness, trusted by all its stakeholders and to be the reference for financial performance in its industry† (Nestle, 2011). It wants to provide people with a variety of food, as well as better food so that they can live a better life. The leadership and trust provides people with good and healthy life. Its slogan â€Å"Good Food, Good Life† defines the ambition of Nestle. Over the years, Nestle has been achieving its goals. The reason behind its success is that it has accomplished what it strived for. The business principles that Nestle has set, help the company in achieving its goals. The company manufactures and markets the products in such a way as to create value that can be maintained over the long term. Nestle values it consumers. The consumers and the organ ization have developed a relation of trust. Without the trust of consumers, the company would not exist. The guidance to the employees in the form of principles has benefited the company and has ensured that highest standards are met. The professionalism and the responsible attitude of management is the reason behind the success of the company. The goals that were defined above are achieved by following the business principles. The principles are not followed by the employees only, but are followed by the top, lower, and middle management. Now the company is providing good life to people by supplying them with good food. The food includes everything from juices to dairy products and from dietary to infant food. References J. Crow, (2006), "What constitutes a good project goal statement?", http://www.projectkickstart.com/html/tips4.htm Nestle, 2011

International Business Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Business Management - Essay Example Manufacturing sectors are major contributors of the national GDP in a number of ways. For instance manufacturing companies, use the national resources as inputs to formulate the outputs which can be either exported or used locally depending on the need. The huge unemployment rate in Morocco makes this industry an ideal sector to analyze since it involves a large workforce (Verme et al 2014). Also the manufacturing sector contains a huge degree of clarity on its role in contributing to the GDP of the country. Comparing the GDP of Morocco with other nations in the region, it will be apparent that the Moroccan GDP exhibits a growth of approximately 5 % annually (Verme et al 2014). This is a sign that the country holds potential resources to ensure success. Over the past 3 years the country has enjoyed political stability and continuous production without disruptions. This has seen the rise in its GDP continuously. The Moroccan government is putting in a lot of effort to protect its resources and ensure stability, through which it will give its citizens a foundation to work without engaging on other non-productive activities. As compared to other low economies the Moroccan economy is enjoying international recognition. Apart from the GDP, Morocco exhibits a high GNI in a given financial year (Verme et al 2014). The difference between the GDP and GNI is that while the GDP encompasses the income which the country generates locally, the GNI involves the income which is generated both locally and overseas this means that GDP is the best yardstick to measure performance of a given nation since it entirely points out those factors of production within a country’s disposal. Inflation over time has been a major problem in industries; inflation is responsible for cutting down of profits because of the frequent changes in the market. The inflation is usually used as an indicator of macroeconomic

Role and Purpose of Human Resource Management

Role and Purpose of Human Resource Management Analyze the role and purpose of human resource management in a selected service industry Human Resource Management plays a very vital role in all industries, especially that of hospitality. Due to the constant transformation and growth within the industry, the need to obtain an effective Human Resource Management team cannot be ignored. Hotels such as Marriott International has come to the realization that its employees are its largest assets and having a good, skilled and hardworking workforce can be the difference between the companys success or failure (Icmrindia.org, 2004). Human Resource Management can be defined as the process of employing and developing employees in order to efficiently and effectively utilize them in the achievement of company goals and objectives (Parrilla, 2015). Below are the findings related to the role, purpose, and functions of Human Resource Management in service organizations. 1. According to Amos et al., (2008) staffing, employee compensation and benefits, and defining and designing work are three major responsibilities of HRM in the service industry. 2. Maximizing productivity within service industries by optimizing the effectiveness and potential of the organizations staff members is the purpose for which the HRM was created (Nickson, 2013). 3. Bolden-Barrett (n.d.) outlines in her article that recruiting, retention, compensation, liability and labor are the major roles in which the HRM manages. 4. Businesscasestudies.co.uk (n.d.) through its research elaborated that HRM function not only manages existing staff, it also plans for changes that will affect its future staffing needs. 5. HRM is often pressured into finding a level ground between the implementation of Hard or Soft HRM (Riley, n.d.). The service industry is greatly dependent on human resource rather than the resource needed to perform tasks within the organization. As a result of this, the service industry has invested a lot in ensuring that their HRM department is effective and have the necessary resources in order to carry out their functions. Bolden-Barrett (n.d.) outlines in her article that recruiting, retention, compensation, liability and labor are the major roles in which the HRM manages. She believes that by delegating a specific department to handle such roles it will relieve some pressure off management and also eradicate the deterrents that plague the service industry. Nickson (2013) reinforced the views outlined in Bolden-Barretts article by explaining that the purpose of HRM is to maximize productivity within service industries by optimizing the effectiveness and potential of the organizations staff members. With this purpose in mind, the HRM would assess the company and determine what is lacking an d also what it needs in order to succeed and reach its full potential. According to Amos et al., (2008) staffing, employee compensation and benefits, and defining and designing work are three major responsibilities of HRM in the service industry. When broken down further the department would be in charge of managing existing staff, recruiting selecting new staff, laying off workers, providing training and assessment, mentoring motivating, handling evaluation compensations, building strategies, providing legal guidance for both employees and the company and most importantly implementing steps to retain current staff. In fact, Businesscasestudies.co.uk (n.d.) through its research elaborated that HRM function not only manages existing staff, it also plans for changes that will affect its future staffing needs. This kind of plan requires HRM to find a level ground between the implementation of a hard or soft management system (Riley, n.d.). They need consider the risks of implementin g soft HRM and leaving the company at a competitive disadvantage by treating employees as the most important assets or implementing a hard HRM where they end up gaining a more cost effective workforce. Conclusion Achievement within the service industry depends on the individual and collective efforts put in by its workforce. HRM as a practice notably offers support and advice to the senior management within an organization. With that being said, the department plays a role in recruiting, retention, compensation, liability and labor. They meet the expectation of these roles by ensuring that the staff in which they recruit possess the needed skills, mindset and experience in which the company needs. They also ensure that employee recognition programs and various incentives are implemented in order to retain current workers. The HRM department also handles the legality within the organization when it comes to the rights of the workers, the enforcing of labor laws and the exercising of company policies. It can be concluded that in regards to the roles of the HRM within the service industry, they are in fact fulfilling and exceeding expectations. AC. 1.2 Justify a human resources plan based on an analysis of supply and demand for Marriot International Introduction Human resource planning is a process through which an organization identifies its current, immediate and future human resource needs to enable the achievement of set goals and objectives (Buller and McEvoy, 2012). A human resource plan attempts to estimate labor, demand and evaluate the nature, sources, and size of the supply that will be needed to offset that demand (Bratton and Gold, 2010). Hotels like Marriott International have recognized the vital role that a human resource plan plays in the constantly changing environment in the hospitality industry. A human resources plan links with the organizations business plan to ensure the goals of the business are met. An effective human resources plan is, therefore, essential to ensure the employees have the competencies and skills required for the business to succeed. Findings Following are the findings on the labor supply and demand in the hotel industry: 1. According to Boxall and Purcell (2016) developing a human resource plan involves the forecasting of hiring needs and employment arrangements. It involves a series of steps that include the identification of business strategy and needs; conducting a job analysis; writing a job description, and determining the feasibility of hiring. 2. The demand and supply of human resources planning in the services sector are influenced by the specific skills, experience and knowledge level and qualities that the organization requires from employees (Werner and DeSimone, 2012). 3. The internal factors that influence human resource planning include organizations size, organizations culture; organizations structure; business strategy; power and politics; and top management and line managers (Harzing and Pinnington, 2015). 4. The external factors that influence human resource planning include economic condition; government regulations; technological change and advancements; industry characteristics; workforce demographics; competitor actions; and union actions (Choi and Ruona, 2010). 5. Human resource planning is affected by changes in the economic and technological environment. The influx or decrease in economy and technology causes a subsequent change in human resource plans (Bratton and Gold, 2010). Discussion A human resources plan is important in any services industry. According to Bratton and Gold (2010) plans helps organizations to adjust to the rapidly changing environment as the demand for human resources increases. Changes in the technological and economic environment affect the human resources plan. The development of technology may lead to a subsequent reduction of workers while the reduction in the economy may also decrease human resources intake in the services sector. However, organizations need to manage and institute a working human resources plan. Developing a human resources plan involves the forecasting of hiring needs and employment arrangements. This means the business needs to identify its strategy and needs; conduct a job analysis; write a job description; and determine the feasibility of hiring (Boxall and Purcell, 2016). Human resources specific skills, experience and knowledge level and qualities that ensure growth influence their demand and supply (Werner and DeSim one, 2012). Internal and external factors in an organization have an influence in the planning of the human resources. The internal factors include organizations size, organizations culture; organizations structure; business strategy; power and politics; and top management and line managers (Harzing and Pinnington, 2015). The external factors include economic condition; government regulations; technological change and advancements; industry characteristics; workforce demographics; competitor actions; and union actions (Choi and Ruona, 2010). The factors enhance how organizations plan and organize their human resources. Conclusions and Recommendations The organizations in the services sector operate in a constantly changing environment in the world.   Many factors exist that may discourage or hinder these organizations to plan for their human resources at present and in the future. However, instituting a human resources plan ensures that an organization is prepared for any change that may occur in the business environment. A human resources plan assists an organization to fulfill its mandate when managed appropriately. The recommendation is that Marriott International needs to develop a human resources plan with its business plan. The argument is that as external and internal factors influence, affect and change the supply and demand of human resources, the business will adapt to this changes with a plan in place. Assess the current state of employment relations in Marriot International Introduction Employment relations refer to the total interaction or relationship between an employee and the employer (Nickson, 2013). This relationship is in regards to the establishment of employment conditions. The topic of employee relations in Marriot International is crucial because of the realization that a good employment relations program in an organization leads to the success of the organization. As an approach to effective employee treatment, an employment relation incorporates all issues in the workplace employer-employee relationship including equal opportunity, recruitment, organizational structure and, training and development (Lee and Way, 2010). This forms a basis through which the employees remain loyal to the organization and stay committed to fulfilling the objectives of the organization as required in the specific jobs (Lee and Way, 2010). Findings Below are the findings on the current state of employment relations in the service industry 1. There is a significant growth in the number of workers and employers in the service industry. This growth has precipitated a selective approach by both workers and employers in finding their employers and workers respectively (Goetsch and Davis, 2013). 2. Employment relations is revitalized in the service industries as a result of consistent boycotts and strikes by workers in the service sector thus effecting talks on issues affecting the employees (Vidal, 2011). 3. Employment relations are currently being handled by unions representing the employers and the employees while the government stands as the mediator (Davidson et al., 2011). 4. As a response to boycotts and strikes, unions and management in the services sector are cooperating through corporate campaigns and neutrality agreements to ensure employment relations are improved (Nickson, 2013). They institute harmonization measures through arbitration and negotiation teams to settle grievances and disciplinary procedures in employment relations. 5. Low wages, sexual harassment and poor working conditions in the services sector have precipitated the increase in unions organizing strikes and calling for better employment relations agreements (Kusluvan et al., 2010). Discussion Employment relations in the hotel sector are important because it influences job satisfaction, customer retention and the success of the business. The fight to achieve better working conditions has been taken to the employers by employees. According to Kusluvan et al., (2010) low wages, sexual harassment and poor working conditions in the services sector have precipitated the increase in unions organizing strikes and calling for better employment relations agreements. Employee relations have affected how employers and employees select workers and employers respectively (Goetsch and Davis, 2013). Employers and employees look for organizations in the services industry where their needs and requirements will be met. Davidson et al., (2011) researched how HRM handled employment relations in the past and the present. The findings showed employment relations are currently being handled by unions, negotiating teams, and collaborative institutions. They handle employment issues and in extrem e circumstances lead boycotts and strikes to revitalize the issues in the services sector (Vidal, 2011). As a response to boycotts and strikes, unions and management in the services sector are cooperating through corporate campaigns and neutrality agreements to ensure employment relations are improved (Nickson, 2013). They institute harmonization measures through arbitration and negotiation teams to settle grievances in the services industry. Conclusions and Recommendations As an approach to effective employee treatment, employment relations incorporate all issues in the workplace, employer-employee relationship including equal opportunity, recruitment, organizational structure and, training and development. Employment relations contribute to the success or the failure of a given business. Poor relations lead to poor or inadequate services which lead to the business being affected. The recommendation is that Marriott International should institute an effective working relationship between the employers and the employees in the hotel. This is done by ensuring all employees are treated equally and professionally. They should also support their unions by entering into continuous talks on how to improve their conditions thus enhancing employment relations. Discuss how employment law affects the management of human resources in a selected service industry business Government regulations have increased within the hospitality industry over the years especially due to the industrys rapid growth and diversity. According to Simpson (n.d.), employment laws moderate the relationship between the employer and the employee. The laws delegate areas such as wages, benefits, workplace discrimination, safety on the job and immigration, just to name a few. Employment laws within Jamaica are based on common law concept of the contract of employment, legislations and court opinions (Jamaica Trade Union Labour Laws, n.d.). The laws are enacted as a means of protecting workers from unfair treatment within their workplace as well as protecting employers. Findings Below are the findings related to the different employment laws within my country, Jamaica: 1. According to Employment (Termination, etc.) Act (2008) employers should give prior notice to employees who are dismissed for the reason of redundancy. 2. The Holiday with Pay Act of 1974 outlines that pay, gratuities or benefits should be given to workers who are on sick or vacation leave (Under The Holidays With Pay Act, 2000). 3. The Jamaica observer (2016) advised that the National Minimum Wage increase takes effect today, March 1st, 2016. Such recommendations are made by the Minimum Wage Advisory Commission with guidance from the Minimum Wage Act of 1938. 4. Under the Trade Union Act of 1919, Trade Unions were able to become established, get registered and function. The Act also stipulates ways in which membership is acquired and also how disputes should be settled (Trade Union Act, n.d.). 5. The Employment (Equal pay for men and women) Act of 1975 is in place to eliminate discrimination between sexes as it relates to wages for completing the same work (Jamaica: The Employment (Equal Pay for Men and Women) Act, n.d.). Employment laws greatly impact how the human resource within the hospitality industry functions and operates. The various laws are utilized as guidelines to ensure that employees are treated fairly and that management operates within the laws. According to Employment (Termination, etc.) Act (2008) employers should give prior notice to employees who are dismissed for the reason of redundancy. It further explains that the period of the notice depends on how long the employee has been working with the organization and also how they should be paid for their service. The Holiday with Pay Act of 1974 outlines that pay, gratuities or benefits should be given to workers who are on sick or vacation leave (Under The Holidays With Pay Act, 2000). HR will now have to take into consideration the requirements for paying employees who are on sick leave, going on vacation and even workers who work overtime. Employers who do not comply are at risk of being fined upwards of $250,000 and/or prison time .   The Jamaica observer (2016) advised that the National Minimum Wage increase takes effect today, March 1st, 2016. Such recommendations are made by the Minimum Wage Advisory Commission with guidance from the Minimum Wage Act of 1938. This law is mostly geared at protecting workers without a voice or representation from a Union to bargain on their behalf. With that being said, it is still as important as it sets the bar for the minimum pay in which a certain group of workers should receive. Under the Trade Union Act of 1919, Trade Unions were able to become established, get registered and function. The Act also stipulates ways in which membership is acquired and also how disputes should be settled (Trade Union Act, n.d.). Hotel workers are now able to gain Union representatives under this law. Workers no longer have to strike when their contracts have been breached, as now they have legal representatives who are able to negotiate, deliberate and argue on their behalf. Human Resource Management within the hotel industry will need to sit with Union representatives and negotiate proper wages for workers, decent working conditions and also fair schedules. The Employment (Equal pay for men and women) Act of 1975 is in place to eliminate discrimination between sexes as it relates to wages for completing the same work (Jamaica: The Employment (Equal Pay for Men and Women) Act, n.d.). HR management under this act is obligated in paying workers of both sexes equally to do the same amount of work. Therefore, if the hotel has a male and female chef that does the same amount of work then one shouldnt be getting more pay than the other just because they are a different gender. In addition, both workers should be treated equally and fairly.   Ã‚   Recommendation/Conclusion The hotel industry succeeds when there are full corporation and understanding between employees and employers. As an HR manager, it is my duty to ensure that in creating corporation between management and workers I am also able to do so within the employment laws that governs the country. When these laws are understood, followed and implemented by myself, management and workers then it saves the hotel money- by preventing fines, time- by avoiding lawsuits and lengthy court hearings, and also bad publicity. When the various employment laws are enforced the hotel will experience fewer turnovers, as workers will appreciate the measures taken to ensure that they are fairly treated and therefore will not want to resign. In addition, productivity will increase as workers will be certain that they will receive proper compensation for their labor. Subsequently, with increased productivity, there will be better service and product quality as well; workers will have greater commitment and be c ompelled to put in more work. Last but not least, with the representation of Unions, workers are more trusting and comfortable in their working environment; this is because they know the Union will act in their best interest.

Gothic Horror in Susan Hills The Woman in Black and H.G. Wells The Re

Gothic Horror in Susan Hill's The Woman in Black and H.G. Wells' The Red Room As with all things, the gothic horror genre of literature did not begin at one definable point, but evolved gradually. Gothic horror evolved out of gothic fiction (as opposed to classical fiction, for example the novels of Jane Austen), before establishing itself as a genre in its own right. However, many literary scholars and critics would point to "The Castle of Otranto", written by Horace Walpole and first published in 1764, as the first true gothic horror novel, containing as it does many of the clichs prevalent throughout the genre. Gothic horror novels are typified by their dark, lachrymose atmosphere of dread and fear. In fact, the key to gothic horror can be summed up in one word: tension. This is created by many devices, as well as having an evil force present working against the hero/heroine. The characters, locations and atmospheres created are designed to be threatening, even when nothing sinister is actually happening. Although the gothic horror genre didn't die out altogether, it certainly lost popularity. However, it has had a minor resurgence over the last decade. Susan Hill is one of the authors who has turned her hand to the gothic horror format, her short novel "The Woman In Black" being released in the late eighties. Susan Hill says she wrote The Woman In Black because she "had the urge to write a story in the old fashioned sense," perhaps because of a dissatisfaction with modern horror writing and its reliance upon gore and physical danger. HG Wells, although primarily a science-fiction author, also wrote a gothic horror story, "The Red Room". I will be comparing these two stories, to see how these ... ...t be too lightly dismissed. These two stories are particularly interesting because they were both written by authors who aren't normally associated with the genre, so they have explored the clichÃÆ'Â ©s more than a seasoned horror writer might. But despite being so blatantly "influenced" by genre standards such as Henry James' The Turn Of The Screw and work of M.R. James, they remain gripping. This is because they appeal to our wish for escapism and a decent scare, a need that is pandered to by almost every work of fiction. This is the basis of horror writing - that the reader wants to be scared; if the reader approaches the story with the attitude of not wanting or expecting to be scared, he or she will not be affected by the story so much. However, gothic horror is still one of the most effective mediums for provoking fear, ensuring its enduring popularity.

Human Nutrition Worksheet Essay

Use Ch. 1, 2, & 3 of Visualizing Nutrition, supplemental course materials, the University Library, the Internet, or other resources to answer the following questions. Your response to each question should be 75 to 100 words. 1. What is nutrition? Why is nutrition essential to our daily lives? Nutrition is the process in which the body takes in nutrients and distributes it through the body. These nutrients give the body energy and supplies the body with materials that help tissue growth and processes. Nutrition is also known as the science or practice of consuming and utilizing foods. Nutrition is essential in our daily lives because it can dramatically affect the way the body functions. These nutrients are the body’s day to day source of fuel. 2. What is the connection between nutrition and health? Food is the main source for the body’s health and nutrition. Our health is based off of good nutrition. Without a healthy nutritious diet, not only is your physical health at risk, but you put your mental health at risk as well. Maintaining a healthy balanced diet can help to stimulate parts of the brain that causes depression and anxiety. It even helps to boost your energy level, thus helping you excel in most daily activities. 3. What is the relationship between poor nutrition and disease? Poor nutrition can be a result of not eating enough food, or not eating the right kind of food. Not eating enough or eating all the wrong kind of food can  lead the body to face health complications in the future. One complication the body faces with poor nutrition is diabetes. Diabetes can be caused by obesity, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Anemia is another complication that the body faces when red blood cells are unable to carry enough oxygen to your body’s cells. This is caused by an iron deficiency. Some of the foods that contain iron can include: clams, oysters, liver, beef, poultry etc. 4. What does it mean to eat a balanced diet? Why is food choice important for good nutrition? A balanced diet means that the body is receiving the required portions from each food group from the food group pyramid. Food choice is important for good nutrition because it is up to the individual whether they chose to maintain a healthy life style by starting with what they eat. . A balanced diet is what is recommended in order to keep good health and healthy eating is what keeps the body healthy and strong. With poor choice in nutrition, the body can become vulnerable to disease and health complications in the future. 5. Why is physical activity important to a person’s health? What changes, if any, should you make to ensure you get enough physical activity? Physical activity is important to one’s health because it helps to reduce chances of a disease, it helps people feel better both physically and mentally. Many changes can come from making small changes in a person’s lifestyle. Keeping fit can also lead to more energy throughout the day and can have a positive effect to a person’s social interaction. Promoting good health with good eating habits and daily physical activity will make aging a lot easier on the body; not to mention one will look great doing it! 6. What influences your food choices? Why? I believe what influences my food choices is the food marketing and advertisements made through billboards, flyers, television and even social media. Personally noticed the increase in the advertisement of fat foods like McDonald’s, Carl’s Jr. Wendy’s, Jack in the Box and many more restaurants serving greasy foods. These foods are made at an affordable price and even available through drive trough’s to make it easier on the  consumers pocket and time. For me it is a lot easier to pick something up from a drive through, than to make the time to cook something healthy at home. 7. What is the difference between digesting protein and carbohydrates? Which would make you feel fuller longer? Why? Carbohydrates break down the sugars and starches of the food we eat. Our body’s then can use them as fuel. Proteins and fats can also be used as energy sources. Consuming carbs can offer the most direct way of supplying fuel to our body’s cells, while protein digestion can serve to reduce the large protein molecules in the foods you consume down to their individual building blocks, or amino acids. 8. How does today’s society affect our nutritional habits? Today’s society has a big impact on our nutritional habits due to all the advertising done for restaurants promoting unhealthy foods. Like I stated in question six, these restaurants are offering the buyers unhealthy food at affordable prices. Now a days, you don’t really see advertisement for health eating. The only restaurant that has somewhat of a healthy choice is Subway, but even then Subway has a lot of choices full of calories. In order to pick something healthy you have to read how many calories each item has and Subway has a calorie chart to look at for help. 9. How are nutrients used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? Adenosine triphosphate consists of carbohydrates and fats. Carbohydrates are the main source of ATP production. When carbs are broken down into glucose, they get stored in the muscles as glycogen. This then gets turned into ATP production. Fat is another fuel source that becomes of use when exercising. But in fat, you have the good fat and bad fat. Good fat energizes you to be less fatigued while working out, while bad fat has the opposite effects on the body. 10. Consider your personal dietary habits. What are some modifications you might make to promote good health? Considering my own dietary habits, I need to make healthier choices in order to reach a better state of health. Being pre diabetic means maintaining a healthier lifestyle along with more physical activity to burn off calories and set a goal of losing weight and staying fit. I need to start making healthier food choices rather than taking the easy way out and head for the drive through. Cooking meals a day before or taking one day to cook for the week can make time more manageable and help to make the change and keep up a healthy lifestyle.

Discussing The Analysis Of Success in Arthur Millers Death Of A Salesman.

Discussing The Analysis Of Success in Arthur Millers Death Of A Salesman. Success is one of many themes in "Death Of A Salesman". There are many perspectives of what success is and how to achieve it. Arthur Miller uses the beliefs of several characters, especially Willy, to illustrate various concepts of success, how to achieve it, and the correlation between happiness and success.Willy believes that one can be a success only if one has a business-related job. He criticizes Biff's ideal job . He says: "How can he find himself on a farm? Is that a life? A farmhand? ... it's more than ten years now and he has yet to make thirty-five dollars a week!" (pg. 11). This is Willy's only rationale for saying that Biff is not yet a success. From this, one can conclude that Willy believes success is money based.Biff, however, wants to work the farm ' . "[Business] is a measly manner of existence... when all you really desire is to be outdoors, with your shirt off."(pg.English: , Republican representative from Nebraska...16). One suspects that Happy's notion of success is similar to Willy's because Happy tries to impress Willy. However, Happy knows that money is not the only key to success. He says: "It's crazy. But then, it's what I always wanted. My own apartment, a car, and plenty of women. And still, goddammit, I'm lonely."(pg. 17).Although there are many keys to success, one can understand that there are only a few keys to achieving it. A successful person is usually intelligent and tenacious. However, these characteristics are not what Willy deems helpful. He thinks that being "well-liked" and having "personal attractiveness" are the only ways to become successful. One can see that these qualities are not sufficient to success because Biff and Happy have both qualities, in Willy's opinion, yet both are unsuccessful. We know that Bernard...

The Element Calcium essays

The Element Calcium essays Calcium is an element that is very important to everyday life. Its important to our bodies and our universe. Its more than a milk mustache or white teeth. Calcium is in fact essential for the make of bones, teeth, shells and leaves. Calcium is fifth in abundance in the earths crust. Calcium is the mineral in our bodies that make up our bones and keep them strong. Ninety nine percent of the calcium in our bodies is stored in our bones and teeth. The remaining one percent is in our blood and soft tissues and is essential for life and health. Without that one percent of calcium our muscles would not contract normally, our blood would not clot and nerves would not carry messages. Calcium was discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey Davy. When calcium is exposed to air, it forms a white coating of nitride. It is found mostly in limestone, gypsum, chalk and fluorite. Gypsum is dry wall and plaster. Calcium is used as a reducing agent in preparing other metals. At room temperature calcium is found to be at a solid state. Calcium is important to me because my body contains 908.908 grams of it. Calcium reacts with water and burns with a yellow and red flame. It is a silvery white color and its classification is metallic. Calciums group name is the alkaline metal. Calcium is also used in vacuum tubes as a getter, a material that combines with and removes trace gases from vacuum tubes. Calcium obviously plays a very important role in our lives. It is very essential for us to live, affecting our bones, teeth, blood and health. It is important to our environment creating other chemicals and things that are useful to us. Calcium is in great demand by a number of industries, and is essential for life. ...

Supply and Demand Simulation Assignment Research Paper

Supply and Demand Simulation Assignment - Research Paper Example The shift in the demand curve in the simulation may take place because of any determinant other than price; therefore, there may be a shift in the demand curve due to the availability of a supermarket or grocery store near the apartment because if people are not able to find a store for daily needs near to their homes, that would not encourage them to buy the apartment. Furthermore, if there is a change in the prices or the quality of the Oakridge Builders’ homes, then the consumers may buy those and not the Goodlife apartments. This shift would reduce the number of homes being sold to families and thus the curve would go below the equilibrium price level. The supply curve would mostly shift due to a technological innovation and thus if the Company is able to bring about some technological innovation in their homes, that is, make them more digitalized, have proper security systems inserted then consumers will be interested in purchasing them. This shift will cause an increase in the supply of homes to consumers and thus result in going above the equilibrium price level due to the want of more homes by consumers and possible lack of the equal amount of supply. From the simulation the supply and demand can be understood as follows; taking products made by Apple and Microsoft, they may be similar in terms of usage however are different in terms of technological innovation. In the same way, Goodlife apartments appeal to families more than the retail homes from Oakbridge thus providing a clear competition for Goodlife to dominate the market just like Apple does even though it produces more expensive products, but it has a certain unique selling price. The concepts of microeconomics help in understanding the factors that affect supply and demand shifts on the equilibrium price and quantity as they talk about the shifts on an individual level; for example, if in a household, an individual had to choose between buying tea or coffee as a preferred beverage, the p rices of the same would affect his personal choice. Furthermore, if there was a shortage of supply of one of them, he would go for the other and similarly, if there was an increase in the price of one, he would choose the other as a substitute. This would affect the demand and supply curves to move up and down affecting the equilibrium price levels as per the quantities. The concepts of macroeconomics on the other hand refer to an aggregate demand and aggregate supply which takes place on a market level taking into account the personal needs and choices of all the consumers in a given area. Thus, from the point of view of households as well as firms, the factors that affects the shifts in demand and supply curves in macroeconomics may be understood by looking at the aggregate equilibrium price and quantity levels. Price elasticity helps in understanding how an individual’s demand can be lowered or increased by fixing a certain price for a particular commodity. As seen in the simulation, when the prices for the apartments are lowered, the demand for the same will be higher. At a higher price however, the demand will remain consistent for the group of people belonging to the category that can afford the apartment. At this point, the supply of the number of apartments is not taken into consideration to determine where the price of a single apartment will be set. The main

Organization Behaviour and Leadership Development Scenarios Essay

Organization Behaviour and Leadership Development Scenarios - Essay Example Scenario two setting involved unifying two competing junior employees i.e. Rosa and oli by finding common and unifying ideas, hence unifying them is of great importance in meeting the company objectives. The objective of this scenario was to get oli and Rosa to agree on maintaining customer retention in the call center at 65 % and also getting everyone to agree on using automated phone system. The steps I took to resolve this scenario were, actively listening to oli and Rosa, encouraging oli and Rosa to communicate to help reach an effective agreement, through asserting my leadership power toward ending the squabbles between them. Using work strategies tactics of constantly reminding them the goal of the organization in addition to using tension strategies where I introduced relaxing ideas that aimed to eliminate tension created by oli and Rosa The key learning point that emerged from this scenario was that tension in at workplace can lead to little work being accomplished, it is of great paramount to stay neutral where employee friction is involved in order to help them out, through focusing on goals of organization and constant reminder help people to work harmoniously, effective communication within organization facilitate dialogue that helps to resolve dialogue between employees and creating a kind of numeration system that helps employers to cooperate and work together.Supporting theory and academic insight for this scenario can be derived from democratic leadership.... ning to oli and Rosa, encouraging oli and Rosa to communicate to help reach an effective agreement, through asserting my leadership power toward ending the squabbles between them. Using work strategies tactics of constantly reminding them the goal of the organization in addition of using tension strategies where I introduced relaxing ideas that aimed to eliminate tension created by oli and Rosa The key learning point that emerged from this scenario was that tension in at work place can lead to little work being accomplished, it is of great paramount to stay neutral where employee friction is involved in order to help them out, through focusing on goals of organization and constant reminder help people to work harmoniously, effective communication within organization facilitate dialogue that help to resolve dialogue between employees and creating a kind of numeration system that help employee to cooperate and work together to achieve set goals in addition to engagement in team buildin g exercises. Supporting theory and academic insight for this scenario can be derive from democratic leadership , which is characterized by emphasizes in group participation , where decision and discussion are encouraged by leaders hence giving team member a voice in decision making (Goleman, 2000). Democratic leadership style builds flexibility and responsibility in an organization which in turn help in generating new ideas. . (Goleman, 2000).Through listening to team members in an organization which is encouraged by democratic leadership, leaders learn to resolve dispute between employees and in decision making. (Goleman, 2000). Third Scenario The third scenario set up was learning to manage up, where it is critical important for a leader to mange his juniors but at the same time have